Cancers of the pancreas and biliary tract include a diverse group of invasive malignancies that share many developmental, morphological, and genetic features. Pancreaticobiliary carcinomas also share an increasing incidence and poor clinical outcomes. However, an understanding of molecular aberrations and subsequent targeted therapies for these have opened up new treatment opportunities. The genomics of pancreaticobiliary carcinomas as they relate to the new and emerging therapies targeting actionable mutations will be outlined, and the implications for tissue utilisation during routine reporting by histopathologists will be discussed.
 

Now referred to as steatotic liver disease! The nomenclature of these conditions has been updated. The main three groups are metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease/steatohepatitis (MASLD/ MASH), alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) and, an up till now underestimated group, those patients with features of both these groups.

The histological assessment of MASLD and ARLD have undergone refinement with new scoring systems taking account of this ( references below). This includes the appreciation of the importance of portal inflammation as well as the range of ballooning in MASLD.

There has been a great deal of work on developing AI tools driven by the large number of clinical trials in this area and the relative unreliability of histological assessment. This has led to an increased interest in the identification and nature of ballooned cells.