The jumping to conclusions (JTC) bias has been theoretically linked to delusions. This review aimed to assess whether a relationship between JTC and delusional ideation exists. Expanding on previous work, our review widens the scope of included measures, considers data-quality influences, and applies a two-stage Bayesian analysis approach. Forty studies were included, consisting of general population participants, those with psychosis (with and without current delusions), and clinical controls (n = 7,252). JTC was measured on probabilistic reasoning tasks and delusional ideation on self-report scales, with these data assessed in a Bayesian meta-analysis. No meaningful relationships between JTC and delusional ideation were found in any sample groups. We conclude two possibilities from these results, (1) JTC may not be related to delusional ideation as previous theories suggest, or (2) measures of delusional ideation and/or the JTC bias are flawed in accurately capturing these constructs.

The overconfidence in errors bias in psychosis is a well-established phenomenon. However, recent studies have suggested that what has been perceived as overconfidence may be a simplification of the bias. One recent finding suggests that people with psychosis experience issues with resolution, which refers to the ability to discriminate between correct and incorrect judgements. This study explores whether resolution can be increased in a schizophrenia sample using Individualised Metacognitive Training for Psychosis (MCT+). Fifty-four participants with schizophrenia were randomly allocated into four 2-hour MCT+ (n = 27) or cognitive remediation (n = 26) sessions. We used a Hierarchical Bayesian Modelling Approach and Type 2 Signal Detection Theory to explore whether participants with schizophrenia show an increase in the resolution of their confidence judgements made on a memory task after completing the MCT+ sessions. Our findings may have important implications for how psychotherapy is developed for people with psychosis.

Autobiographical memory (AM) is involved in identity formation and emotion regulation, which are two core processes affected in borderline personality disorder (BPD). These processes also play an important role in self-harm and suicidality, which are common in BPD. Involuntary AM has been pointed out as a potentially important factor in the development of mental disorder during childhood and adolescence. This study aims to investigate with the help of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) whether emotional and self-related features of involuntary AM are associated with BPD traits, self-harm, and suicidality in adolescents. We expect that memory valence, positive and negative emotional intensity, emotion regulation difficulty and identity disturbance upon involuntary AM retrieval will be associated with level of BPD traits, self-harm and suicidality. Study results will be presented and discussed in relation to understanding BPD vulnerability and potential avenues for early intervention and prevention of BPD.

Establishing and maintaining relationships is often challenging for individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), potentially due to issues with trust. This study investigated whether autobiographical memories (AMs) of interpersonal trust and past trauma contribute to their psychological distress. Fifty participants (BPD and non-clinical groups) recalled events of trust and mistrust, rating these on closeness, vividness, importance, self-definition, and emotional valence. Psychological distress and trauma exposure were assessed using Bangla-translated scales (K6, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire). BPD participants reported higher trauma exposure and distress than controls. Chi-square tests revealed their memories related to mistrust were more vivid, relevant, and less positive. Mixed linear analysis showed that lack of specificity in mistrust memories were strongly linked to distress in BPD patients, especially involving romantic partners or family. Trauma exposure correlated with distress in both groups. Findings suggest AM impairments may underlie relationship difficulties in BPD, informing targeted interventions.